The Big List of 256 Programming Languages

The Big List of 256 Programming Languages by Robert Diana The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with ZeroTurnaround. Check out this...

The Big List of 256 Programming Languages
by Robert Diana

The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with ZeroTurnaround. Check out this 8-step guide to see how you can increase your productivity by skipping slow application redeploys and by implementing application profiling, as you code!
Summer typically brings lots of vacation time for people. Instead of sitting around and being lazy, why not take the time to learn a new programming language? I am not recommending a specific language over others at this time, but providing a long list of languages based on GitHub and TIOBE. I have not tried to categorize or validate this list of languages in any way, so please do not complain about some ancient or useless technology being listed. If you think there is a language that should be added, please leave it in a comment along with a link with information about the language, preferably on Wikipedia or the actual language site. I give no guarantees that the links for these languages are what was meant by GitHub or TIOBE, but they do not link to an official site for the languages so I did my best in finding something.

4th Dimension/4D
ABAP
ABC
ActionScript
Ada
Agilent VEE
Algol
Alice
Angelscript
Apex
APL
AppleScript
Arc
Arduino
ASP
AspectJ
Assembly
ATLAS
Augeas
AutoHotkey
AutoIt
AutoLISP
Automator
Avenue
Awk
Bash
(Visual) Basic
bc
BCPL
BETA
BlitzMax
Boo
Bourne Shell
Bro
C
C Shell
C#
C++
C++/CLI
C-Omega
Caml
Ceylon
CFML
cg
Ch
CHILL
CIL
CL (OS/400)
Clarion
Clean
Clipper
Clojure
CLU
COBOL
Cobra
CoffeeScript
ColdFusion
COMAL
Common Lisp
Coq
cT
Curl
D
Dart
DCL
DCPU-16 ASM
Delphi/Object Pascal
DiBOL
Dylan
E
eC
Ecl
ECMAScript
EGL
Eiffel
Elixir
Emacs Lisp
Erlang
Etoys
Euphoria
EXEC
F#
Factor
Falcon
Fancy
Fantom
Felix
Forth
Fortran
Fortress
(Visual) FoxPro
Gambas
GNU Octave
Go
Google AppsScript
Gosu
Groovy
Haskell
haXe
Heron
HPL
HyperTalk
Icon
IDL
Inform
Informix-4GL
INTERCAL
Io
Ioke
J
J#
JADE
Java
Java FX Script
JavaScript
JScript
JScript.NET
Julia
Korn Shell
Kotlin
LabVIEW
Ladder Logic
Lasso
Limbo
Lingo
Lisp
Logo
Logtalk
LotusScript
LPC
Lua
Lustre
M4
MAD
Magic
Magik
Malbolge
MANTIS
Maple
Mathematica
MATLAB
Max/MSP
MAXScript
MEL
Mercury
Mirah
Miva
ML
Monkey
Modula-2
Modula-3
MOO
Moto
MS-DOS Batch
MUMPS
NATURAL
Nemerle
Nimrod
NQC
NSIS
Nu
NXT-G
Oberon
Object Rexx
Objective-C
Objective-J
OCaml
Occam
ooc
Opa
OpenCL
OpenEdge ABL
OPL
Oz
Paradox
Parrot
Pascal
Perl
PHP
Pike
PILOT
PL/I
PL/SQL
Pliant
PostScript
POV-Ray
PowerBasic
PowerScript
PowerShell
Processing
Prolog
Puppet
Pure Data
Python
Q
R
Racket
REALBasic
REBOL
Revolution
REXX
RPG (OS/400)
Ruby
Rust
S
S-PLUS
SAS
Sather
Scala
Scheme
Scilab
Scratch
sed
Seed7
Self
Shell
SIGNAL
Simula
Simulink
Slate
Smalltalk
Smarty
SPARK
SPSS
SQR
Squeak
Squirrel
Standard ML
Suneido
SuperCollider
TACL
Tcl
Tex
thinBasic
TOM
Transact-SQL
Turing
TypeScript
Vala/Genie
VBScript
Verilog
VHDL
VimL
Visual Basic .NET
WebDNA
Whitespace
X10
xBase
XBase++
Xen
XPL
XSLT
XQuery
yacc
Yorick
Z shell
So, did you find one that you liked? Or did this stir up memories from long ago with languages you thought were dead and buried? Again, if there is a language you believe belongs in this list, please leave a comment and a wikipedia or official site link for the language.

The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with ZeroTurnaround. Discover how you can skip the build and redeploy process by using JRebel by ZeroTurnaround.
Topics: JAVA,LANGUAGES
Published at DZone with permission of Robert Diana , DZone MVB .
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.

Common Questions in Java: Insights from Stack Overflow
by Peter Lawrey ·
Jan 27, 16 · Java Zone
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The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with AppDynamics. Discover how AppDynamics steps in to upgrade your performance game and prevent your enterprise from these top 10 Java performance problems.
Overview
There are common questions which come up repeatedly in Java. Even if you know the answer it is worth getting a more thorough understanding of what is happening in these cases.

How Do I Compare Strings?
The more general questions are how do I compare the contents of an Object. What is surprising when you use Java for the first time is that if you have a variable like String str that is a reference to an object, not the object itself. This means when you use == you are only comparing references. Java has no syntactic sugar to hide this fact so == only compares references, not the contents of references.

If you are in any doubt, Java only has primitives and references for data types up to Java 9 (in Java 10 it might value value types) The only other type is void which is only used as a return type.

Is Java Pass by Reference or Pass by Value?

How do I compare Strings?

Why does 128 == 128 return false but 127 == 127 return true?

How Do I Avoid Lots of != null?
Checking for null is tedious. However, unless you know a variable can't be null, there is a chance it will be null. There is @NotNull annotation available for FindBugs and IntelliJ which can help you detect null values where they shouldn't be without extra coding.

Optional can also play a role now.

Say you have

if (a != null && a.getB() != null && a.getB().getC() != null) {
a.getB().getC().doSomething();
}
Instead of checking for null, you can write

Optional.ofNullable(a)
.map(A::getB)
.map(B::getC)
.ifPresent(C::doSomething);
Avoid null statements

Other Useful Hints
Converting an InputStream to a String

How to generate numbers in a specific range

When to use a LinkedList instead of an ArrayList

Difference between public, default, protected and private

How to test if an Array contains a value

Why you should implement Runnable rather than extend Thread

Does finally always execute?

How to convert a String to an Enum

Breaking out of nested loops

How to effectively iterator over a map note in Java 8 you can use map.forEach((k, v) -> { });

The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with AppDynamics. AppDynamics helps you gain the fundamentals behind application performance, and implement best practices so you can proactively analyze and act on performance problems as they arise, and more specifically with your Java applications. Start a Free Trial.
Topics: JAVA,STACK OVERFLOW
Published at DZone with permission of Peter Lawrey , DZone MVB .
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.

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JavaDoc Source Samples That Aren't Terrible
by Shai Almog ·
Jan 27, 16 · Java Zone
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The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with ZeroTurnaround. Check out this 8-step guide to see how you can increase your productivity by skipping slow application redeploys and by implementing application profiling, as you code!
JavaDoc source code embeds are pretty terrible!

I love JavaDoc but it didn't age well. When you work with other tools (e.g. in the Microsoft world) suddenly the embedded samples look amazing and "search" functionality is just built in!

Why Can't We Have That?
JDK 9 is introducing new support for search, but source embeds can be so much better and are a crucial learning tool...

Since documentation and proper code samples are so crucial, we decided to revisit our javadocs and start from the ground up, to that point we created the new open source project: JavaDoc Source Embed.

The goal of this project is to allow using Github "gist" in JavaDoc which allows you to create a JavaDoc that looks like this instead of the normally anemic source embeds. If you are unfamiliar with Github gists, it's essentially a code snippet hosting service that both formats the code nicely and allows you to easily maintain it thru Github (fork, star, watch, etc.).

The central hosting is the true "killer feature". It allows you to embed the sample everywhere that's applicable instead of copying and pasting it. For example, the LocationManager is a good place to hold the sample but so is the Geofence class. In those cases we only had to copy this small snippet in the JavaDoc:

<script src="https://gist.github.com/codenameone/b0fa5280bde905a8f0cd.js"></script>
The only two problems with gist are its lack of searchability and the fact that it won't appear in IDEs that don't render JavaScript. The JavaDoc Source Embed project effectively solves that by automatically generating a "noscript" tag with the latest version of the gist so it appears properly everywhere it is referenced.

We'll try to update our JavaDocs, but would be happy for pull requests and issues pointing at missing samples and where they should be placed in the code.

Developer Guide Wiki
In other news, Codename One just finished the migration of the developer guide to the Github Wiki page and already it looks radically different. The approach of using Github's Wiki pages has its drawbacks and Asciidoc does have some pain points, but overall I think this is a good direction for an open project.

Ismael Baum made a lot of Wiki edits fixing many grammatical and logical errors, picking up so many mistakes in the process!

Besides the many rewrites and fixes we made for the document, we also authored a script that translates Codename One class names to links into the JavaDoc.

So, now instead of just highlighting the mention of LocationManager, you would see LocationManager which is far more useful. Notice that this shouldn't affect things like code blocks, only mentions of a specific class. From this point on, we'll try to interconnect the documentation to produce a more coherent experience with the docs.

I'd open source the script we used for the links, but it's mostly a bunch of very specific sed commands which probably won't be useful for anyone. We won't run it again since it's a "one-off" script, we'll just need to keep the linking going.

Feedback
Do you know of other tools we can use to improve the state of our documentation?
We are looking for several things that still seem to be difficult with the current toolchain:

Better JavaDoc integrations — ability to embed it into the existing web design would be wonderful! CSS is a bit too limiting.
Improving the look of the Asciidoc PDF — Currently the PDF looks too academic in the opening page there are some solutions for that but most seem hackish.
Grammar & style tools — There are some decent grammar checkers for word processors but we couldn't find anything that works with Asciidoc. The same is missing for writing analysis tools that can point out unclear writing. I saw that Gitbooks has some interesting tools there, but I'm unsure whether we want to use them.
Let us know if you are familiar with such tools or something else that we might not be aware of.

The Java Zone is brought to you in partnership with ZeroTurnaround. Discover how you can skip the build and redeploy process by using JRebel by ZeroTurnaround.
Topics: JAVA,JAVADOC,GIT,GITHUB,GIST,CODENAMEONE
Published at DZone with permission of Shai Almog , DZone MVB .
Opinions expressed by DZone contributors are their own.
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